Oldest modern rhino lineage with single horn.

Appeared around 26 million years ago (late Oligocene).

All evolved over the past 26 million years, according to molecular analyses (Steiner & Ryder 2011).

Became extinct around 12,000 years ago (Late Pleistocene).

Some specimens found frozen in permafrost and preserved in peat bogs.

Woolly rhinoceros ( Coelodonta antiquitatis) lived in Eurasia during last ice age (Kuzmin 2009).

Once widespread in North America died out there about 4 million years ago.

New species evolved - ecologically diverse, distributed throughout the world.

Rhinocerotids appeared in late Eocene in Eurasia, later spread to North America.

Lived in Wyoming, Europe, Canadian Arctic, and possibly Asia during middle Eocene.

Size of a large dog, with hooves and herbivorous teeth but no horns.

Hyrachyus eximus, earliest knonw rhinoceros-like mammal (Prothero et al.

First appear in the fossil record around 58 million years ago (upper Paleocene).

Perissodactyls (odd-toed hoofed mammals).

michaeli (Brown & Houlden 2000)Įvolutionary histor y (from Lacombat 2005 Steiner & Ryder 2011 unless otherwise noted)

Mitochondrial analysis suggests about 2.6% difference between D.

One study found no significant genetic differences between ecotypes (Amato et al.

Conflicting studies compare genetic differences.

Dissagreement on subspecific designations (du Toit, 1987 Rookmaaker, 1995 Rookmaaker, 1998) (see Distribution and Habitat).

longipes - western black rhino (Emslie 2012)

Mitochondrial DNA analysis estimates range from about 4.5% (George et al., 1993) to 14% (Brown & Houlden, 2000).

Genetic differences between black and white rhinos led to reassigning white rhinos to a separate genus, Ceratotherium.

Formerly included black and white rhinoceros.

From two Latin words bi meaning 'twice' and cornu meaning 'the horn of an animal'.

From two Greek words di meaning 'two' or 'double' and keras meaning 'a horn'.

Prehensile-lipped or hook-lipped rhinoceros.

Possibly derived from dark appearance after wallowing in local dark-colored mud.

Named 'black' to distinguish it from the white rhino (see White Rhino Fact Sheet for possible origins of that name).

Rhinoceros d